This edition of the journal highlights research on the many aspects that drive this deadly disease and the progress now being made – progress that is a priority if Millennium Development Goal 4 to reduce child mortality is to be achieved. It contains articles on the vaccines to prevent pneumonia and improve child survival. It highlights the importance of reducing indoor air pollution as a key risk-factor for pneumonia prevention, as well as reducing the global burden of the disease through improved nutrition. It also considers the challenges to improving case-management of childhood pneumonia at health facilities in resource-limited settings, as well as the opportunities associated with managing pneumonia in the community.

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